内容提要： 通过对国内医疗体制的分析，本文说明了造成普通患者尤其是低收入患者“看病难”和“看病贵”困境的基本原因：医疗行业的“政府主导”体制一方面导致了医疗资源在地域配置和层次配置上的明显失衡，这本身就意味着低收入患者尤其是农村患者的“看病难”局面；另一方面造成了医疗服务市场和药品零售市场上的公立医院垄断格局，在这种垄断格局下，价格管制政策造成的医疗医药价格扭曲引致医疗机构行为失范，导致医疗费用持续上涨和医疗资源配置失衡局面的加剧。本文的基本结论是：在对行政权力缺乏有效的制约和监督机制的情况下，“政府主导”体制是医疗资源配置失衡、医疗费用持续上涨局面得以形成并长期维持的根本原因。

关键词：政府主导、价格扭曲、医疗资源配置失衡、医疗费用上涨

Government Controls, Price Regulation and the Deficiencies in Health Care System

Abstrat: Through an analysis of China’s health care system, the paper accounts for the fundamental cause of medical expenditure inflation and inequity in accessibility of medical services.The government control over health care sector results in the inequality in health care resources allocation and monopoly of public hospitals in medical services provision and pharmaceutical retailing. In addition, the distortions of medical services and pharmaceutical pricing due to inappropriate government regulations, together with the moral hazard behaviors of public hospitals due to their monopoly status, result in the soaring medical expenditure. All these problems result from the absence of an effective constraining mechanism on government power.
Key Words:  Government Control； Pricing Distortions； Inequity in Accessibility of Medical Services；Medical Expenditure Inflation.

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